Lunes, 15 15UTC Marzo 15UTC 2010
Captura de pantalla de la web El Rincón de Jesús
Un juez ha confirmado, vía sentencia, que las redes de intercambio de archivos entre particulares, también llamadas P2P, se encuentran dentro de la legalidad, ya que, al menos en lo que se refiere a la página www.elrincondejesus.com, “no supone distribuir, ni reproducir, ni comunicar públicamente obras protegidas”. La circulación de información en estas redes se produce sin necesidad de alojarla en servidores comunes, función que cumplen los propios ordenadores de los usuarios. La Sociedad General de Autores (SGAE) demandó al propietario de esta web por “la comunicación pública y reproducción de obras musicales del repertorio gestionado por la SGAE”. La resolución judicial ha dado la razón al demandado y oxígeno a los contrarios a cualquier traba legal para compartir sus archivos a través de la red, ya sean obras protegidas o no.
La sentencia está basada, sobre todo, en un enorme ejercicio de sentido común, aunque conviene decir un par de cosas sobre esto: ni la inocencia de esta cuestión es tan pura como pregonan algunos, ni el delito está tan claro como pretenden otros. No existe ninguna duda sobre el daño que esta actividad provoca a la creación cultural, con una disminución de ingresos muy preocupante en los últimos años y la apertura de hostilidades por parte de la industria en un esfuerzo por detener la sangría. Tienen razón los que acusan a La Coalición de Creadores e Industrias de Contenidos de pretender llevarse por delante algunos derechos básicos en su cruzada contra las descargas, como la tienen los que acusan al sistema de poner en peligro su sustento. La demagogía contra la SGAE, ya sea por su poderío económico o las jubilaciones que concede a sus directivos, es sencilla. Lo ponen fácil. Pero bajo todo ese cruce de declaraciones salidas de todo y noticias sorprendentes, existe un verdadero problema en la protección de los derechos que tienen los creadores. No querer verlo, es negar la mayor. Volviendo a la sentencia, comentaba que está basada en el sentido común ya que no criminaliza la verdadera base de Internet, que son los enlaces. El hipertexto, que tanto nos ha dado y buenos quebraderos está provocando. Condenar a una de estas webs, que únicamente ofrecen vínculos a otros ordenadores de particulares donde está localizado el contenido, llevaría a una espiral que terminaría por hacer ilegal el buscador Google y otros similares. Al fin y al cabo, todos referencian enlaces para localizar una determinada información, sin almacenarla en su seno.
Con esta sentencia sobre la mesa, la iniciativa del Gobierno para tomar medidas preventivas y así poner a raya a este tipo de webs sufre un serio varapalo. Desde diversos ámbitos ya se está solicitando de nuevo al Ejecutivo que abandone esa vía, aunque desde el otro lado del Atlántico se pide precisamente más mano dura. El texto ofrece seguridad jurídica a la copia privada de contenido protegido si esta se produce sin ánimo de lucro. En definitiva, un tanto a favor de los que pelean por ese derecho, otro muy serio en contra para la industria, y un tremendo embrollo para el gobierno de José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, atrapado ahora entre varios frentes sin una salida clara.
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¿Alguien ha dudado alguna vez que el P2P es legal? Es que os haceis un lio con mucha facilidad. Lo que es ilegal es subir material protegido, obras con derechos de autor vigentes. No hay la menor duda: está claramente definido en la LPI,. el Real Decreto 1/96, como una forma de epxlotación que solo pueden hacer los propietarios o aquellos que obtenga la licencia correspondiente.
La sentencia (que imagino que se recurrira y que se corregira en instancia superior porruqe tiene un par de defectos importantes) n legaliza nada ni supone ninguna novedad.